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Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  canadien  de  microreproductions  historiques 


vV 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  .nay  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Ccuverture  de  couieur 


□    Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommag^e 

□    Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur^e  at/ou  peiliculde 

□    Cover  title  missing/ 
Le  title  de  couverture  manque 

I      I    Coloured  maps/ 


Cartes  giographiques  en  couieur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couieur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couieur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reiii  avec  d'autres  documents 


D 


n 


D 


Tight  binding  may  causa  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

Lareliure  serree  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distorsion  le  long  de  la  marge  interiaure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutdes 
lors  dune  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  itait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  iti  film^es. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplementaires: 


L'Institut  a  microfilme  !e  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  ete  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sortt  peut-^tre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  m6thode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqu^s  ci-dessous. 


The 
to  t 


r~l   Coloured  pages/ 


Pages  da  couieur 

Pagas  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagses 


□    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurees  et/ou  pelliculees 

\A    Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
I !    Pages  ddcolor^es,  tachet^es  ou  piquees 

I      I    Pages  detached/ 


Pages  detachees 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Quality  indgale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materia 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


I    ~|  Showthrough/ 

I      I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

r    I  Includes  supplementary  material/ 

I      I  Only  edition  available/ 


D 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc..  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata.  une  pelure. 
etc.,  ont  6te  fi!m6es  i  nouveau  de  facon  a 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


The 
pes 
oft 
film 


Ori{ 
beg 
the 
sior 
oth( 
first 
sior 
or  il 


The 
shal 
TIN 
whi 

IVIai 
diff( 
enti 
ben 
righ 
reqi 
met 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 
Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqud  ci-dessous, 
^OX 14X  18X  22X 


12X 


16X 


20X 


26X 


30X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  hss  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

National  Library  of  Canada 


L'exemplaire  film6  fut  reproduit  grdce  d  la 
g6n6rosit6  de: 

Bibliothdque  nationale  du  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  a. id  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ^-  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  te 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettntd  de  l'exemplaire  film6,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimee  sont  film6s  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  I& 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  ie  cas.  Toms  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmds  en  commenpant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ♦-signifie  "A  SUIVRE".  Ic 
symbole  V  spgnifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  Earge  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  followinj  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
filmds  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diff6rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichd,  il  est  film6  d  partir 
de  Tangle  sup6rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite. 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrummes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

■■^l^iiiigjhiWHU^M" '  j.jiiwv'" 


y 


GENERAL  CIRCULAR 

TO     ALL 

PERSOJVS  OF  GOOD  CJMRdCTER, 

WHO  WISH  TO  EMIGRATE 
TO  THE 

OREGON  TERRITORY, 

EMBRACING  SOME  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  CHARACTER  AND 

ADVANTAGES  OF    THE    COUNTRY  ;    THE  RIGHT 

AND    THE    MEANS  AND  OPERATIONS    BY 

WHICH  IT  IS  TO  BE  SETTLED;— 

AND 
ALL  NECESSARY  DIRECTIONS  FOR  BECOMING 


Miall  «#.  JKelley,    General  Agent. 


BY  ORDER  OF  THE  AMERICAN  SOCIETY  FOR  ENCOURAGING 


the  SETTLEMENT  of  the  OREGON  TERRITORY. 


INSTITUTED  IN    BOSTON,    A.  D.    188», 


CHARLESTOWN: 

rRIKTED    BY    WILLIAM    W.    WHEILDON. 

R.  P.  &  C.  WILLIAMS — BOSTON. 

1831. 

■I .  \: 


^i-^ 


4 

ft 


«^ 


I 

i 


OREGON  SETTLEMENT, 

To  he  commenced  in  the  Spiing    of   1832,  on 

the  delightful  and  fertile  banks  of  the 

€olutnhia  Hiver. 


General   Remarks. 


It  has  been  for  many  years  in  serious  contempla- 
tion to  settle  with  a  free  and  enlightened,  but  re- 
dundant population  from  the  American  Republic, 
that  portion  of  her  territory  called  Oregon,  border- 
ing on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  laying  between  the 
fortysecond  and  fortyninth  parallels  of  N.  latitude. 
The  American  Society,  instituted  at  Bos- 
ton, Mass.  for  tliis  purpose,  would  hereby  respect- 
fully advise  the  friends  of  the  settlement  of  that 
country,  relative  to  its  physical  character, — its  re- 
sources and  advantages  over  all  other  uncultivated 
countries  for  the  occupancy  and  prosperity  of  a  civ- 
ilized and  active  people;  and  present  to  them  a 
general  view  of  the  plan  of  operations;  and  likewise 
the  means,  by  which  persons  of  good  character  may 
secure  a  participation  in  the  enjoyments  and  bles- 
sings of  the  most  pleasant  and  healthful  part  of 
the  globe.  The  country  is  represented,  by  the  con- 
current testimony  of  those  who  have  explored  it,  to 
be  in  general  uneven;  nevertheless,  a  large  propor- 
tion of  the  territory  within  two  hundred  miles  of 
the  ocean  is  accounted  feasible  farming  land,  and 
extremely  fertile,  remarkably  mild  in  climate,  so 
much  so,  that  the  ice  was  never  known  to  be  en- 
tirely formed  over  the  large  bays  and  rivers;  nor 
the  frost  in  the  severest  days  of  the  winter  to  stop 
the  progress  of  vegetation  on  the  bottom  lands 


Mr  Pilclier,  in  a 


recent  communication  made  to 


Congress,  through  the  Hon  J.  H.  Eaton,  Secreta- 
ry of  War,  remarks  that  in  1829,    he  visited  the 


Columbia  river,  and  ^'fouiid  the  niildnt'ss  of  tlic  sea- 
sons infinitely  greater  than  in  the  corresponding  lat- 
itudes and  elevations  in  the  valley  of  the  Mississip- 
pi, or  in  the  Atlantic  States.  The  Avinters  arc  less 
cold  and  the  summers  less  hot.  As  a  proof  of  this, 
may  be  mentioned,  the  state  of  the  grass,  which  is 
green  and  juicy  nearly  all  winter,  aflording  excellent 
pasture  for  horses,  on  which  those  animals  not  only 
sustain  themselves,  but  the  poor  and  lean  get  in 
good  order."  The  section  of  the  country  called  by 
him,  the  middle  regions  or  plains,  he  says  "is  re- 
markable for  a  mild  climate,  a  clear  sky,  a  serene 
atmosphere,  and  a  soft  and  brilliant  sunshine.  The 
nights,  when  the  moon  is  near  full,  and  the  hemis- 
phere studded  over  with  stars,  are  indescribably 
beautiful.  The  tide  water  region  has  a  climate  of 
its  own.  Ice  or  snow  is  seldom  seen;  the  heats  are 
never  great:  and  winter  is  hardly  a  distinct  season." 

For  a  particular  account  of  the  natural  geogra- 
phy of  the  country; — of  its  soil,  climate,  produc- 
tions, aborigines,  cvc.  the  narrow  limits  of  this 
work  oblige  a  reference  to  a  pamphlet,*  published 
by  Hall  J.  Kelley,  A.  M. 

The  project  of  opening  the  Oregon  country  to  the 
overflowing  inhabitants  of  the  United  States,  is  not 
visionary.  Its  votaries  "are  not  mad,  most  noble 
Misanthrope,  but  speak  forth  the  words  of  truth 
and  soberness."  It  is  full  of  realities  and 
interest  to  every  man;  and  hunumity  requires 
the  truth  to  be  fearlessly  told.  It  gives  the  philan- 
thropist full  scope  for  the  exercise  of  the  best  feel- 
ings of  his  heart.  It  furnisiies  him  the  work  of  pa- 
triotism, and  active  benevolence;  and  in  the  suc- 
cess of  his  labors,  he  may  witness  the  melioration  of 
the  hard  condition  of  thousands  of  his  fellow  citi- 
zens, and  the  prosperity  and  glory  of  his  country. 

*This  pamphlet  contains  80  pages,  is  furnished  with  a  Map  of 
Oregon  country,  and  may  be  had  of  R.  P.  &  C.  Williams,  Bos- 
ton,  and  Dorr  &  Rowland,  Worcester,  Mass.;  or  of  G.  C.  &  11. 
Carvill,  citv  of  New  York. 


"0^ 


I 


11 


I  (MIT   or    Settling 


?? 


The  title  to  the  Orcoon  tcrrilory,  and  tiie  exclu- 
sive rifrlit  of  occupancy,  yet  remains  vested  in  tiio 
Aborigines.     The  benevolent  work  of  enlightt 


and 


ClVlllZUin- 


that  rud 


niui 


Mat  rude  and  sulieruiijj  people,    is 


prerogative  of  sovereignty,  belonging  to  the  nation 
which  may  have  first  discovered  their  wants,  and 
possess  the  means  of  giving  tiiem  the  convenience« 
and  comforts  of  refined  society,  and  such  concomi- 
tant benefits,  as  diversify  and  adorn  human  life. 

It  is  evidently  the  intention  of  the  God  of  Na- 
ture, that  the  white  man  and  the  Indian  should 
have  a  common  and  mutual  right  to  occupy  'A\c 
earth,  to  use  its  productions,  and  profit  by  the  bles- 
sings of  society;  and  that  individuals,  who  mostly 
share  in  the  favors  of  Providence,  should  be  most 
"ready  to  communicate"  of  the  good,  to  his  neigh- 
bors. This  common  law  of  our  nature,  this  com- 
mon concern  of  mankind,  is  no  less  imperious,  in 
its  obligations,  on  nations  than  individuals. 

These  few  pages  do  not  admit  of  a  discnssion  of 
this  question;  nor  is  it  necessary  since  from  an  in- 
vestigation of  facts,  on  other  occasions,  it  has  been 
so  clearly  deduced,  that  the  duty  of  protecting  the 
rights,  and  of  cherishing  and  sustaining  the  interests 
of  the  Oregon  Indians,  devolves  on  the  American 
nation;  and  consequently  in  her  is  the  right  of  sov- 
ereignty. The  import  of  this  word  is  sometimes 
misunderstood.  It  is  mistaken  for  government  or 
jurisdiction  itself;  whereas  it  is  only  a  right,  which 
one  country  has  in  preference  to  another^  to  estab- 
hsli  a  government,  territorial,  colonial  or  any  other. 
It  is  a  matter  of  deep  regret  that  the  U.  States 
have  not  exercised  this  right  of  extending  juris- 
diction over  tlie  territory  in  question,  and  of  put- 
ting np  barriers  against  the  extension  of  British  ju- 
risdiction. 

The  right  claimed  by  our  citizens  to  settle  i?i 
identified  among  their  many  privileges,  as  social  be- 


(; 


h 


ili<?s,  ()l'<!()itii>;  ticfs,  williiu  the  piccincls  of  a  ri«i:htrul 
sovc'rt'i^iity,  not  repugnant  to  tin;  j)riiicij)k's  ol"  jus- 
tice and  ((iiialiiv,  antl  Hie  laws  of  tlu- country.  The 
c\stal)!isluncnt  of  a  jurisdiction  by  the  ICnglisli,  west 
of  tlic  iiocky  J^Iountaius  being  a  nullity;  and  the 
United  States  liavinjr  (>nacted  no  statute,  lor  tlie 
benellt  of  the  inhabitanls  of  eitlier  color,  in  that 
country,  tliere  is  no  justly  constituted  jurisdiction. 
It,  t]iere!()re,  lb!lo\\  s  that  settlers,  in  the  pursuit  of 
their  projur  and  laudable  l)usiness,  violate  no  law 
or  ri^'lit  oi' the  government  of  the  U.  States. 

Resources  or  the  Country. 

The  natural  advantages  of  the  Country,  for  trade 
and  coninierce,  foreign,  internal,  and  coastwise,  are 
juiraniount  to  those  ibund  in  other  parts  of  America. 
The  confluence  of  the  many  navigable  rivers,  open- 
ing into,  and  beautifving  every  section  of  the  country, 
jbrms  the  grand  river  Colsimbia,  an  hose  gentle  wa- 
ters may  !}e  traversed  liy  large  vessels,  two  hundred 
miles  from  the  sea  ;  wliose  either  bank  alfords  in- 
lets safe  and  commodious  ll.)r  harbors.  Nature  fur- 
nishes many  clear  indications  tliat  the  month  of  this 
far  Sjn-eadiiig  and  noble  river  is  soon  to  become  the 
commercial  part  of  that  hemisphere,  the  great  busi- 
ness place  of  naiions,  interchanging  the  commodities 
and; productions  of  western  America  and  the  East 
Indies. 

Much  of  tijc  country  within  two  hundred  miles 
of  the  Ocean,  is  tavorable  to  cultivation.  The 
valley  of  the  Mnitnonmh  is  particularly  so,  being 
extremely  fertile.  The  advantages,  generally,  for 
ac(jniring  ])roperiy  are  paramount  to  those  on  the 
prairie;  of  the  /»Vest,  or  in  any  other  part  of  the 
Avorld.  In  relation  to  this  last  point,  the  following 
fact  evinces  more  .than  a  Innidred  tloubtfid  conjec- 
tures. The  Oregon  Is  covered  with  heavy  forests 
of  tind)er,  and  within  the  distance  of  a  coasting 
trade,  l.-oardr-  !>iiug  fro!-!  .jt>  to  90  dollars  per  thou- 


I    ! 


sand  ;  and  such  is  tho  market,  tliat  no  considcr.ihlf 
reductions  of  thcsr  prices,  can  ever  l)o  reasonably 
expected.  The  prodiiction  orvei!ietaI)leM,  u:raiM,  anil 
cattle,  will  reciuire  comparatively  but  little  labor  ; 
these  articles,  toj^ether  with  the  spontaneous  <;ro\vth 
of  the  soil,  and  the  fruits  of  laborious  industry,  in 
general,  will  find  a  market,  (ut  home,  and  thereby 
con^lbrt  and  em-ich  the  settlers.  Surplus  staj)lo 
articles  may  be  .diipped  from  their  doors  to  distant 
ports,  and  return  a  vast  profit  in  trade.  liiind)er, 
ship  timber,  &c.  may  be  ;ent  to  the  western  coast 
of  South  America,  the  islands  in  the  Pacific  5  bread 
stnlls,  furs,  salmon,  and  many  articles  of  domestic 
manufactures,  to  the  East  Indies. 

It  is  the  circumstance  of  a  good  home  market, 
that  gives  any  country  its  greatest  value,  and  must 
give  the  Oregon  country  immense  advantages  for 
settlement ;  advantages  nnknown  in  the  Western 
States,  whose  markcHi  are  as  remote  as  the  shores 
of  the  Atlantic.  It  is  not  the  consideration  of 
good  land  alone,  that  justifies  the  occupancy  of  a 
country  distant  from  the  sea-coast,  for  with  its 
abundant  productions,  it  may  yield  but  few  of  the 
comforts  and  conveniences  of  life.  For  instance,  a 
champaign  country,  with  a  clayey  soil,  causes  an 
unhealthful  atmosphere  ;  and  in  the  proportion  of 
its  approximation  to  a  vertical  sun,  yields  sickness 
and  death. 

The  w\ant  of  value  to  the  farmer's  surplus  pro- 
duce, is  his  poverty  ;  and  has  made  shipwreck  of 
the  fortunes  of  thousands,  who  have  settled  in 
Ohio,  Indiana,  6jc.  This  remark  is  made  under 
the  influence  of  no  motive,  which  does  not  regard 
alike  the  interest  of  every  citizen  of  the  Republic. 

Incalculable  are  the  advantages,  which  Agricul- 
ture, Commerce,  and  Manufacliu'es  in  this  country, 
will  derive  from  the  perennial  resource  of  a  trade 
with  the  Oregon  Settlement.  The  staple  commodi- 
ties of  the  South,  manufactured  in  the  North,  and 
then  exchanged  in  tlie  great  market  of  the  Oregon, 


will  iK'ltcr  promote  tho  three  roninu)ii  interests  of 
Mi(?  Slates,  liiaii  any  system  of  imposts  or  revenue 
(liitics,  whieii  a  wise  and  j)atriotie  people  can  adopt. 
ComnuM-ce  spreadiiijr  more  canvass— sailing  into 
new  and  broader  seas— visiting  distant  shores  of 
inexhasistihlo  wealMi,  will  conduct  iiome  the  lull 
tide  of  a  golden  trallic. 

National  Advantajjes. 

In  the  following  nu-morial,  olVered  at  (he  present 
session,  for  the  consideration  of  Congress,  are  some 
ol  the  national  advantages,  which  may  accrue,  from 
a  permanent  possession  of  Oregon. 

To  the  JIunorable,  the   Senate  and  Hoiig'  of  RepresenUUiveSy  in 
Congress  aascmblcd. 

The  Ameuicav  Society,  for  er.couiaging  t»  ■  Settlemont  of  the 
Oregon  Tcrrilory,  instituted  in  A.D.  IU^9,  and  incorporated  by 
the  Conrimonwcahh  of  Massachusetts,  actuntcd  by  a  faithful  regard 
to  duty,  have  cheerfully  engaged  in  the  work  of  opening  to  i 
civilized  and  virtuous  population,  that  part  of  Western  Aine.ica, 
called  Oheoon. 

They  are  convinced,  that  if  that  country  should  be  settled  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States  of  America, 
from  such  of  her  worthy  sons,  who  have  drank  of  the  opirit  of 
those  civil  and  religious  institutions,  which  constitute  the  living 
fountain,  and  the  very  perennial  source  of  her  national  prosperiiy, 
great  benefits  must  result  to  mankind.  They  believe,  that  there, 
the  skilful  and  persevering  hand  of  industry  might  be  employed 
with  unparalleled  advantage  ;  that  there.  Science  and  the  Arts, 
the  invaluable  privileges  of  a  free  and  liberal  government,  and 
the  refinements  and  or'inances  of  Christianity,  dift'using  each 
its  blessing,  would  narmoniously  unite  in  meliorating,  the  moral 
condition  of  the  Indians,  in  promoting  the  comfort  and  happiness 
of  the  settlers,  and  in  augmenting  the  wealth  and  power  of  the 
Republic. 

The  uniform  testimony  of  an  intelligent  multitude  have  estab- 
lished the  fact,  that  the  country  in  question,  is  the  most  valuable 
of  all  the  unoccupied  parts  of  the  earth.  Its  peculiar  location 
and  facilities,  and  physical  resources  for  trade  and  commerce  i  its 


I 


9 


its 


contiguous  mnrkets;  its  gnlulirity  ordimnlo  ;  i(a  ferlilitjr  of  ioil  ; 
its  rich  nnd  nbundnnt  productions  ;  its  oxtonsivo  forests  of 
valiial)le  timber;  nnd  itn  great  wntcr  Clinnnol  diversifying,  by 
its  nuinorour^  hrunclic--  'ho  wiiolo  country,  and  sprenditig  catiiils 
through  every  port  of  n,  are  sure  indications  that  Providence 
has  designed  this  last  reach  of  enlightened  emigration  to  bo  the 
residence  of  a  people,  whoso  singular  advantages  will  give  them 
unexampled    power  and  prosperity. 

These  things  hnve  excited  the  ndmirntioii  of  every  observer, 
and  hivo  settled  in  the  policy  of  the  British  nation  the  determined 
purpose  of  possessing  nnd  enjoying  them,  ns  their  own  ;  nnd 
have  induced  their  Parliament  to  confer  on  the  Hudson's  Day 
Company,  chartered  priviiogos  for  occupying  with  their  Mettle* 
mciits  the  fertile  banks  of  the  Columbin  ;  which  settlements  have 
beun  made;  nnd  ore  flourishing,  in  rapid  growth,  under  the 
culture  secured  by  th^  provisions  of  a  Colonial  Ciovornment. 

1  '1©  Soci"/  conceivo  it  clearly  deduced,  from  all  the  facts  in 
the  cns>o,  that  the  right  of  sovereignty  over  l'  Oregon  Territory, 
is  invested  in  the  government  of  the  United  States  of  America, 
consequently,  in  hor  is  the  exclusive  right  of  colonizing  tliat 
country,  aud  of  introducing  into  it  the  various  business  and 
benefits  of  civilized  life, 

The  expense  nnd  labor  nf.-ccasary  to  the  accomplishment  of 
this  work,  planned  by  Providence,  made  easy  by  nature,  and  urged 
and  encouraged  by  the  persuasive  motives  of  philanthropy,  ore, 
in  no  degree,  commensurate  with  the  national  blessings  to  be  de- 
rived from  it  ;  among  which  ate  cnufunrated  the  following  ;  viz  : 
The  moral  condition  of  the  Morigines,  u  blessed  by  the  influ- 
ences of  a  refined  and  religious  community,  will  be  improved. 
The  attempt  to  enlighten  the  minds  nnd  to  dignify  the  nature  of 
this  unfortunate  race,  may  no  longer  be  defeated  by  injudicious 
plans. 

Their  unjust  nnd  unequal  alliances  with  another  nation  may  be 
broken,  and    their  friendship  secured  to  this. 

By  means,  thus  honorable,  that  valuable  terriiory  would  be  held 
from  the  possession  of  an  unfriendly  power. 

Ports  of  Entry,  and  Ship  and  Navy  Yards,  might  be  estab- 
lished with  great  advantage,  on  the  waters  o^'Oregorj,  and  the.e- 
by,   the   trade  and  commerce  of  both   the    Pacific  and  Atlantic 

2 


10 


&> 


Oceans  would  become  extended  and  enriched.  C.  italista  and 
Manners  might  pursue,  with  more  profit  and  safety,  the  whale 
and  other  fisheries  in  the  Western  Seas,  and  the  salmon  trade 
on  the  Columbia. 

A  portion  of  the  v.Ttuous  and  enterprising,  but  not  Jr.st  faith- 
fui  population,  whom  misfortunes  have  thrown  out  of  employment 
and  who  throng  our  villages  and  sea-ports,  and  seek  a  better  home' 
nriight  there  find  o|)portunif  es,  under  the  paternal  kindness  of 
ihe  government,  to  succeed  to  a  happier  condition,  and  to  great- 
er usefulness  to  themselves  and  to  their  country. 

These  are  objects  so  obvious,  so  vast  and  valuable,  as  need 
not  be  urged  by  your  memorialists,  and  seem  necessarily  em- 
braced within  (he  scope  of  a  wise  policy.     They  are  vet  deemed 
practicable.     Another  season-their  possession  will  be'thought  ex- 
pedient-but  not  so  easily  wrested  from  the  grasp  of  British  power. 
The   Society  view  with  alarm  the  progress,  which  the  subjects 
ot  that  nation  have  made,  in  the  colonization  of  the  Ore.-on  Terri 
tory.     Already,  have  they,  nourishing  towns,  strong  for'^ifications. 
anu  cultivated  farms.     The  domicile  is  made  the  abode  of  domes- 
tic comforts-the  social  circle  is  enlivened    by  the  busy  wife  and 
the  prattle  and   sport  of  children.     In  the   convention  of   1818 
England  secured  for  her  subjects,  the  privilege  of  a  free  trade! 
hat  of  buying  furs  of  the  Indians  ;    but,  at  first,  they    practised 
rapping  and  hunting;  now,  *hey  practice  buying  and  improvinff 
lands,    and  assiduously  pursue   the  business   of  the   farmer  and 
mechanic.     Their  largest  town   is  Vancouver,  which  is  situated 
on  a  beautiful  plain,  in  the  region  of  tide  water,  on  the   northern 
bank  o.  the  Columbia.     M  this  place,  saw  and  grist  mills  are  in 
operation.     Three  vessels  have  been  built,  one  of  about  300  tons 
and  are   employed  in  the  lumber  trade.      Numerous  herds  and 
flocks  of  horses,  horned   cattle,  and  sheep,  of  the  best  European 
breeds     are  seen   grazing  in  their  ever  verdant  fieida.     Grain 
of  all  kinds,  in  abundant  crops,  are  the  productions  of  the  soil 
Everything,   either  in  the  organization  of  the  government,  or 
m  the  busy    and   various  operations  of  the  settlements,  at    this 
place,  at  Wallawalla,  at  Fort  Colville,  and   at  De  Fuca,   indi- 
cate the    intentions  of  the  English  to  colonize   the  countrv  - 
R^w    therefore,  your  memorialists,  in  behalf  of  a  large  num- 
bar  of  the  citizens  of  the  United  Statea,  would  respectfully  ask 


11 

Congresa   to  aid  them  in  carrying  into  operation  the  great  pur- 
p  ses  of  he.r  .nst.t«t,on-to  grant  them  troops,  artillery,  n,ili  ar^ 
a.ms,and  munU.ons  of  war,  for  the  defence  and  security  of  the 
contemplated  settlement_to  incorporate  their  Society  with  power 
oext.ngu.sh  the  Indian  title,  to  such  tracts  and  extent'of  err  o  ^ 
nt  the  rnouth  of  the  Colun.bia,  and  at  the  junction  of  the  Multno: 
r^  h  w.t    the  Columbia,  as  may   be  adequate  to  the  laudable    b- 
c     and  pursuits  of  the  settlers;   and  with  such  other  power, 
nghts  and  .mmun.t.es,  as  may  be,  at  least,  equal  and  concurren 
to  those  g.ven  by  Parliament  to  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company ;  and 
such  as  are  not  repugnant  to  the  stipulations  of  the  Convention 
made  between  Great  Britain  and  the  United   States,  where!:  U 
was  agreed,  that  any  country  on  the  Northwest  Coast  of  Amer 

•ca  to  the  westward  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  should  be  free 
and  o        ,,  ,h,  ^i  i^^„^  ^^^^  ^^^.^^^^  ^^  ^^^  ^^^ 

te.mof  years;  and  to  grant  them  such  other  rights  and  privi- 
leges,  as  may  contribute  to  the  means  of  establishing  a  respect- 
able  and  prosperous  community. 

Your  memorialists  are  pledged  to  one  another,  to  their  children, 
to  .he.rfrjends,  and  tomank.nd,  to  sustain  by  all  just  and  possible 
means,  the  mterests  of  their  country  ;  and  to  co-operate  in  ad- 
vanc.ng  ,ts  prosperity.  They  love  their  native  land,  and  will 
ever  conl.nue  its  devoted  friends  ;  and  most  grateful  and  glad- 
den.ng  would  .t  be,  to  receive  for  the  settlement,  the  protection 
and  fostenng  care  of  Congress. 

Survey  and   Division  of  Lands. 

ttflTrr^r^^^  Settlement  has  consummated  their 
title  to  Indian  hands,  measures  will  be  adopted  for 
building  on  Gray's  Bay,  and  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Multnomah  river,  commercial  towns,  where  it  is 
believed,  vessels  from  every  sea,  will  come  to  trade, 
repair,  and  take  outfits.  ' 

This  Bay  opens  into  the  northern  bank  of  the 
Columbia,  ahoLit  II  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  fur- 
nishes deeper  soundings,  better  shelter,  and  gener- 
ally, greater  advantages  for  a  harbor,  than  any  oth- 
er opening  on  the  river.  Five  miles  square  of  ter- 
ritory at  this  place,  will  be  laid  out  into  the  neces- 


12 


:l 


>. 


sary  confignrat/ron  and  divisions  for  a  seaport  town. 

Of  the  streets,*  one,  200  feet  wide,  will  run  from 
the  water,  in  a  N.  W.  direction,  bisecting  at  the 
distance  of  six  squares,  an  area  of  ten  acres  of 
parade  or  pleasure  ground,  which  area  is  forever  to 
remain  open  and  unoccupied  with  buildings.  The 
centre  of  this  street,  for  the  width  of  100  feet,  will 
be  devoted  to  the  purposes  of  a  market.  Streets 
crossing  this,  at  right  angles,  are  intended  to  be  100 
feet  wide;  those  parallel  to  it,  50  feet.  The 
squares  are  to  be  400  feet  on  a  side,  each  including 
18  lots,  50  by  100  feet  each.  From  the  100  ft. 
streets  and  the  public  lands,  no  plant  or  tree  is  to 
be  removed  or  destroyed  without  consent  of  the 
municipal  authority. 

The  valley  of  the  Multnomah  will  be  occupied 
for  agricultural  and  manufacturing  operations,  where 
likewise,  tw  o  milc^  square  will  be  appropriated  for 
a  trading  tow  n.  'i  ids  rich  tract  of  territory  is  situ- 
ated about  eightyfive  miles  up  the  Columbia  river. 
In  this  delightful  region  will  be  introduced  all  the 
business  of  science  and  art. 

The  commercial  towMi,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Multnomah  and  Columbia  rivers,  w  ill  be  about  two 
miles  square.  A  section  of  the  land  adjoining  the 
towm,  will  be  surveyed  into  lots,  40  by  160  rods,  of 
40  acres  each;  making-  the  number  of  these  divis- 
ions equal  to  the  whole  number  of  emigrants,  over 
14  years  of  age,  not  including  married  women. — 
Next  to  these,  will  be  other  lots  of  160  acres  each, 
making  up  the  compliment  of  200  acres  to  each  emi- 
grant. Lands  for  public  uses,  and  to  meet  the  de- 
mands of  the  stock,  will  be  included  in  this  last  di- 
vision. Roads,  as  far  as  practicable,  will  be  laid  out 
in  right  lines,  intersecting  each  other  at  right  angles. 

In  the  Oregon,  it  is  proposed,  that  all  geographi- 
cal surveys  and  divisions  of  farming  lands  be  made 
by  the  method,  which,  two  years  ago,  was  suggest- 
ed to  Congress — examined,   approved  of,   and  re- 

*Sce  Maps,  at  tlie  end  of  this  Pamphlet, 


i 


i 


re- 


commended  by  Gen  Bernard,  then  at  the  head  of 
the  corps  of  Civil  Engineers.  This  method  is  not 
publicly  known  or  practiced;  but  lias  many  advan- 
tages over  that  in  common  use.  It  is  more  easily 
performed;  numerous  errors  of  the  compass  are 
avoided;  the  interests  of  the  land  proprietor  better 
promoted,  and  the  wide  door  for  litigation,  which 
often  costs  him  his  freehold,  effectually  closed. 

All  boundaries  of  towns,  and  lots  of  land,  will  be 
identified  with  meridian  lines,  and  parallels  of  lati- 
tude,—not  by  the  parallels  as  found  on  the  surtace 
of  the  earth,  where  they  are  as  crooked,  as  the  hills 
and  depressions  make  them  uneven;  but  by  such, 
as  thev  would  be,  provided  the  surface  was  smooth. 
It  is  confidentlv  believed,  that  this  is  the  only  sim- 
ple method,  by\vhich  westerly  or  easterly  lines  can 
be  run  with  accuracy,  and  that  it  is  attended  with 
as  much  certainty  as  the  high  operations  of  trigono- 
metrical surveys.  . 

It  is,  however,  true,  that  the  divisions  ot  land, 
as  thev  lay  south  of  each  other,  increase  in  quanti- 
ty, in  proportion  to  the  divergency  of  the  meridian 
lines;  nevertheless,  their  boundaries  will  be  distinct- 
ly marked,  and  their  contents  exactly  known.  A 
country  thus  surveyed,  gives  the  advantage  ot  as- 
certaining, without  admeasurement,  the  relative  po- 
sition or  distance  of  any  one  place  from  another, 
consequently  the  latitude  and  longitude  of  the  me- 
tropolis being  determined,  those  of  any  other  place 
are  known. 

Civil  Government. 
The  Oregon  Territory  lies  beyond  the  civil  jurisdic- 
tion of  the  U.  S.  A.  ^It  becomes,  therefore,  a  mat- 
ter of  great  moment,  that  the  settlers  take  with  Uiem 
some  form  of  government,  provided,  either  by  Con- 
gress or  some  other  competent  body,  i^atal  to 
their  happiness  would  it  be,  for  them  to  go  without 
the  means  of  subjecting  the  corrupt  principles  ot  c1«- 


u 


1 1 


praved  natures.     L 


est  virtues  and  energies  of  the  peop 
ry  to  the  encoMrno-pmo.»*  „r  ..-.l      ^ 


::::  yfu:^!:^'^  ^  ^^e  high. 


encouragement  of  virtue,  th* 


e,  are  necessa- 


of  vice,  lt,e  en  oyment  o-    fn'      T'k'''''  P"'"^h'nent 

spWts  of  a  p  n'nl  n  f.  '"'P'"'.'^'^^.'""  "f  tl<e  restless 
-ho  infest  e,'::rp„f„"X:"7'^'l  demagogues, 
at  civil  commotion  nn  I  .r-^'  ""'"  '''''-'''  "'"'ed 
been  ready  to  mT  t he  T    Pf'""'  ""'^  ''«^«  "^-er 

ti.e^re  o/t,,eir";t^et  JSn^''"'   "^  ''='^""  "- 

r  [^^irct^renb^^'r"  ^-^^^^^^^^ 

gree,  an  indencndent  p7„  ™"^"'"'ing.  m  some  de- 
of  the  m„tl,erZ,,,t,-vr"''' •*'',''  '^""'"^  »"<'  '•■% 

Colon  V,  planted  cheWsheJl''  ""'y  ''"■''  '«  >«'  a 
depend^  "entirei;  o  .  CWre"  ^r!T:]  ''■^  '"'' 
should  be  the  ca'se    is  Tl.o  f  r  '""    *'""    '»"er 

the  present  time  'before  t^^?"  ."  ™"™'"''^''  «' 
talents,  virtue  and  vvl^Iom         ""'"'  ^^^"""'■■'ge  of 

realon'and'tS' dler.te "  "V'l"'  '*"'•'"■'  "'"* 
they  will  att'ein;Tto  „:';<;  fo"  tl  el""","'^'  '''''  '"'' 
equal  lans,  under  theprovi,!?!  'f'"';'*"'''''  i"'^*  ""d 
•nent,  so  far  made  allcdZZ^i:  ^""^  "'  S^^^™- 
as  will  be  consistent  '^ ;,,/"""" '"'^  repfcsentative, 
of  the  .sovereig  t^^^  recognition 

will  be  in  most  reLLs  -,1  !''"'■'"  ^/P"'"'<=-  It 
ment  of  Michigan  TerrilJ^^vTT'''^  ""  °""'™- 
retary,  Treasurer  and  Bo^rd  of  I  ^.T"'"''  ^''• 
ei-^,  being  the  anpoin  nfem/ J M  e'  Commission- 
continue  two  yea?s  nls 'r .  ^"^  ^°"fy-  I'  "i" 
piration  of  this  time       n     C°"S'-<^^'*.  before  the  ex- 

^  Theemig:;:t'r^e;:;^it:et:t'r-r . . 

fathers,  „„Her  no  eircumstanc'::;^f  i!::i»:;'- 


15 

with  no  feelings  of  discontent,  resolved  still  to  cul- 
tivate only  the  fields  of  civil  and  religions  freedom 
where  life  is  made  the  most  easy  and  felicitous,  and 
civilized  man  attains  his  greatest  power,  and  his 
most  dignified  superiority  over  the  man  in  ignorance 
or  in  vassalage;  still  animated  by  the  holy  and  un- 
extinguishable  fire,  kindled  with  that  of  iW  best 
lovers  of  American  Independence,  they  must,  thev 
will  continue  free.  ^ 

Religion. 

The  Religion  of  the  Settlement,  it  is  hoped,  will 
be  the  religion  of  conscience,  and  the  King  of  hea- 
ven. No  people  can  long  continue  free  and  happy, 
without  acknowledging,  with  pions  reverence  and 
ob>dience,  the  laws  of  Jehovah,  giving  full  tolera- 
tion to  all  communities  of  his  consciencious  wor- 
shippers, however  various  their  forms;  and  feeling 
due  respect  for  him,  who  administers  at  the  sacred 
altar,  ''  and  is  accounted  a  worker  together  with 
God,  in  labors  that  succeed  unto  eternal  life." 

The  settlers  will  lose  none  of  their  religious  priv- 
ileges and  comforts.  Churches  of  differe'iit  denom- 
inations will  be  organized  before  emigration,  who 
will  take  with  them,  respectively,  their  Pastors. 

There  will  be  given,  in  Oregon,  encouragement 
for  pious  and  well  educated  young  men,  who  re- 
gard the  interests  of  others  as  their  own,  to  engage 
in  the  great  work  of  imparting  moral  and  religious 
instruction    to   the   Indians. 

Education. 

The  education  of  youth  being  the  safeguard  of  a 
free  government,  and  the  basis^of  its  most  valuable 
blessings,  becomes  of  transcendant  importance.  In 
order,  then,  to  diflfuse  elementary  and  scientific  in- 
struction, both  among  the  children  of  the  settlers 
and  of  the  Indian  tribes,  some  efficient  and  appro- 
prl'-te  system  of  education  will   be  adopted;    and 


16 


wlmteA^er  will  best  civilize  the  manners,  reform  the 
morals,  enlighten  the  mind,  and  free  it  from  the 
grasp  of  superstition,  will  be  parts  of  this  system. 

Schools  of  every  grade  tvill  be  opened,   as  soon 
as  the  settlement  is  cfiected,  and  temporary  build- 
ings provided.      Agricultural  and  classical  institu- 
tions, and  colleges  succeeding  common  and  primary 
schools  are  deemed  practical  systems  of  education. 
Those  will   be  established;     arid    in  them,  red,    as 
well  as  white  children  will  be  taught  the  rudiments 
of  learning,  the  sciences,  farming  industry,  and  that 
knowledge  of  men  and  things,^ which  a't  once  en- 
lighten and  dignify  the  mind.      Persons  of  good  ed- 
ucation  will   find  many  inducements  to  emigrate; 
some  ^'apt_;to  teach,"    to  share    in  the  business  of 
instruction;  others,   versed  in   law  and  polity  and 
acquainted  with  the  principles  of  legislation,  to  sus- 
tain offices  in  the  administration  of  government. 

Emigrants. 

The  ultimate  success  of  the  settlement  depends 
on  the  virtuous  quahties  of  its  members.  If  its 
elementary  principles  are  defective,  the  result  of 
its  operations  w'\\\  be  uncertain,  and  productive  of 
but  little  good,  if  not  entirely  abortive.  The  set- 
tlement ought  not,  therefore,"  to  be  made  the  re- 
ceptacle of  vicious  characters, — or  drones  too  indo- 
lent to  pursue  any  honest  or  useful  occupation, 

of  cunning  persons  possessing  talents  without  vir- 
tuous principles,— of  idle  dreamers  of  power  and 
riches,  who,  faithless  to  good  order,  are  often  rea- 
dy to  sap  the  foundation  of  morality  and  religion; 
these  are  all  a  burden  and  a  curse  to  society.  Men 
of  steady  habits,  virtuous  intentions,  endeavoring 
to  cultivate  practical  knowledge  and  honest  indus- 
try, will  be  deemed  worthy  of  the  enterprise;  and 
such  persons  may,  in  Oregon,  secure  to  themselves 
a  pleasant  home  and  competency  of  good  things; 
subserve  individual  happiness,  and  sustain  the  great 
objects  of  founding  the  settlemen  t.     Before  embark- 


17 


at  ion  it  will  be  required  of  all  proposing  to  emigrate, 
to  satisfy  the  society  by  certificates  or  otherwise,  of 
good  moral  character  and  industrious  habits. 

Emigrants,  who  go  to  the  Oregon  country  in  the 
manner,  and  under  the  encouragements  annunciat- 
ed in  this  pamphlet,  each  to  receive,  gratuitously, 
most  of  the  expenses  of  emigration  and  a  landed  es- 
tate, valued  from  $2000  to  10,000  dollars,  situated, 
where  the  healthfulness  of  climate,  the  good  mar- 
ket for  every  product  of  earth  or  of  labor,  and  the 
enjoyment  of  a  free  and  liberal  government  will  con- 
spire to  make  life  easy. 

Poor  children,  and  children  of  charity  institu- 
tions can  be  admitted.  These,  with  the  means  of 
moderate  labor,  may  find  a  good  living,  and  an  hon- 
orable retreat  from  disgrace  and  suffering. 

Each  emigrant,  over  fourteen  years  of  age,  not 
including  married  women;  and  each  child  that  is  an 
orphan,  or  without  a  parent  in  that  conntry,  will 
receive  a  lot  of  sea-port  land,  containing  5000 
square  feet,  or  two  farming  lots  in  the  valley  of  the 
Multnomah,  containing  respectively,  40  acres  and 
160  acres.  These  lands,  excepting  what  the  Eng- 
lish settlers  have  under  cultivation,  are  covered 
with  a  heavy  grow^th  of  valuable  timber,  and  will 
be  drawn  by  settlers,  individually,  as  soon  as  sur- 
veyed. 

The  Society  contemplate  opening  that  country 
only  to  enlightened  emigrations,  and  they  are  actu- 
ated by  no  other  motives,  than  those  of  philanthro- 
py and  patriotism.  They  own  no  landed  estates 
in  Oregon;  and  expect  no  interest  thence,  that  may 
not  be  common  to  any  American  citizen,  who  will 
associate  with  them. 

It  is  not  their  desire  to  urge  the  enlistment  of 
any  person,  however  his  condition  may  be  improved 
by  it;  and  far  be  it  from  them  to  deceive  in  their 
representations.  The  enterprise  is  replete  with 
motives  for  emigrations.  It  is  desirable,  however, 
3 


^ 


\ 


18 


to  increase  the  proportion  of  tliose  cnlistinflf,  in 
•whose  cliaracters  are  combined  science,  skill  and 
integrity,  to  sustain  offices  in  the  government. 

Enlistments  should  be  made  of  properly  educa- 
ted persons,  to  fill  the  civil,  military  and  literary 
rolls — of  Clergymen  and  Physician^ — of  persons 
possessing  a  scientific  knowledge  of  the  difl'erent 
branches  of  mathematics  and  natural  philosophy, 
to  constitute  corps  on  engineering,  surveying,  as- 
tronomy, geology  and  botany— of  farmers — of  the 
following  mechanics,  viz.  master  shipbuilders,  mill- 
wrights,    wheelwrights,    carpenters,    blacksmiths, 

shoemakers,  tailors,  hat- 


tinmen,  tanners,  curriers, 


ters,  &:c. ;  of  capitalists,  taking  with  them  vessels 
suitable  for  the  lumber  trade,  and  whale  and  sal- 
mon fisheries,  both  of  Avhich  pursuits  are,  and  for 
many  years  will  continue,  vastly  profitable;  of  cap- 
italists, who  will  carry  out  the  iron  parts  of  grist- 
mills, sawmills,  of  nail-making  machinery,  <kc.  who 
will  establish  a  paper  mill,  a  printing  press,  a  manu- 
factory of  window  glass,  and  a  foundry  of  iron  ware. 
Each  emigrant,  who  is  entitled  to  receive  gratu- 
itously, a  lot  of  land,  is  required  to  advance  a 
pledge  of  20  dollars,  that  he  or  she  will  make  the 
emigration,  without  disappointment  to  the  society. 
On  payment  of  the  pledge,  the  following  certificate 
will  be  given.  They  may  be  obtained,  together 
with  this  pamphlet,  of  any  of  the  Agents  named  at 
the  end  cf  this  pamphlet.' 

NO. 
This  Certifies  that 

L.  s.  has  J) aid  Twenty  Dollars  to  the  American 
Society  for  encouraging  the  settlement  of 
the  Oregon  Territory,  as  a  pledge  for  the 
faithful  performance  of  obligations  to  be 
stipulated  and  defined  by  Covenant  be- 
ttoeen  him  and  the  said  Society. 

President. 
Secretary. 

N.  B.     The  following  are  the  principal  conditions  and  stipula- 


<mm 


19 


lions  of  the  Coyenont,  viz:  that  the  eniifjrant  ithall  give  oat?'  or 
affirmation  to  obey  and  support  all  just  and  equal  la\r^  and  regu- 
lations made  end  provided  for  tiio  setllement  by  tho  Society,  tho 
same  being  not  repugnant  to  the  Constitution  and  Laws  of  the 
United  States  of  America. 

That  all  the  common  and  public  property  -.:id  reveuues  of 
the  settlement  siiall  be  held  liable  to  tho  payment  of  all  debts  that 
may  be  incurred  on  account  of  said  settlement;  and  that,  in  all 
other  respects,  he  shall  truly  arvd  faithfully  demean  himself  a 
peaceable  and  worthy  member  ef  the  Oregon  community. 

That  the  Society  shall  defray  all  expenses  of  the  first  expe- 
dition from  St,  Louis,  e.xcepling  arms,  knapsacks,  clothing  and 
blankets,  which  are  to  be  supplied  by  the  emigrants  respectively. 

That  tho  Society  allow  to  each  emigrant,  agreeable  to  the 
terms  of  their  first  Circular,  a  lot  of  seaport  land,  or  200  acres  of 
farming  land,  provided  he  or  his  assigns  continues  to  occupy  it, 
two  years  from  tho  time  of  receiving  said  lot  ;  the  Society  will 
guarantee  his  or  her  right  to  a  free  enjoyment  of  religious  and 
civil  freedom,  and  an  equal  participation  in  all  the  privileges  and 
immunities  of  a  member  of  the  Oregon  settlement. 

It  is  proper,  under  this  head,  to  notice  tlie  objec- 
tions, which  unreflecting  and  self-interested  men  op- 
pose to  the  enterprise.  Say  they,  there  are  exten- 
sive tracts  of  wild  lands,  this  side  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains.  The  Indians  are  hostile  and  will  tom- 
ahawk the  Settlers.  Hardships  and  privations  will 
attend  every  step  of  the  expedition,  and  be  made 
the  suftering  lot  of  young  and  old,  through  the  first 
generation.  These  objections  are  futile— they  are 
delusive,  and  are  calculated  to  perpetuate  the  wants 
and  hard  fortune  of  many,  who  might  secure  to 
themselves  and  posterity,  permanent  blessings,  in  a 
healthful  and  productive  country. 

The  first  objection  is  answered,  under  the  head 
of  general  remarks.  Let  those  occupy  the  vacant 
lands  of  the  West,  and  take  remedies  for  the  fever 
and  ague,  who  will.  Let  the  reflecting  and  provi- 
dent man  choose  the  country  where  something  more 
than  fertile  soil  is  found.  The  means  of  securing 
health  and  ])roperty,  and  generally,  the  comforts  of 
life,  will  determine  his  choice. 

The  other  objections  are  likewise  delusive,  and 
arc  made,  without  any  knowledge  oi^  the  mild  and 


\ 


I 


so 

friendly  disposition  of  the  Oregon  Indian— of  the 
resources  of  that  country;  or  of  the  facihties  and 
case  by  which  tiie  expeditions  may  be  eflected. 

The  Agent  of  tiie  Society  has 'given  tliese  sub- 
jects many  years  of  patient  investigation,  and  does 
not  hesitate  to  avow  a  greater  confidence  in  the 
faith  and  friendship  of  tiiose  red  men,  than  of 
the  white  savages,  who  infest  our  communities;  and 
he  rejoices  at  the  brightening  prospects  of  joining, 
■with  his  tender  wife  and  children,  the  expedition^ 
and  of  settling  for  life,  in  the  Oregon  territory. 

True  it  is,  that  direful  calamities  may  attend  the 
march  of  the  emigrants,  or  the  most,  awful  visitations 
of  Providence  await  the  settlement.  Its  villages 
may  be  rocked  into  ruins  by  exploding  earthquakes, 
or  buried  in  lava  by  flooding  volcanos. 

The  strong  and' massy  pillows  of  the  beautiful 
temple  of  American  liberty  may  be  thrown  down, 
the  enfuriated  frenzy  of  a  deluded  people  may  here 
spread  the  desolations  of  civil  war.  Freedom  may 
be  exiled,  and  her  few  faithful  votaries  enrolled  on 
bills  of  mortality.  These  fearful  days  may  come  and 
have  passed  away,  before  the  inhabitants  of  Oregon 
experience  the  misfortunes  of  a  bad  country,  the 
hand  of  savage  cruelties,  or  the  retributions  of  an 
oilended  God. 

Indians. 

The  first  ninety  miles  of  the  banks  of  the  Colum- 
bia river  are  occupied  by  eight  independent  tribes 
ot  Indians,  numbering  about  8000  souls;  these  in- 
clude about  1000  male  adults,  w  )io  are  truer  in  the 
excellence  of  moral  integrity— are  more  hospitable 
to  strangers  and  less  disposed  to  quarrel  than  thoie 
on  the  eastern  side  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  They 
are  fond  of  the  society  of  white  men,  and  will  long 
continue  to  appreciate,  and  promptly  to  reciprocate 
honest  and  fair  dealing.  Nothing  is  more  remote 
Irom  the  intentions  of  the  Society  than  to  oppress 


SI 

them,  or  to  occupy  thoir  lands  without  niakin^r  am- 
ple and  satisliictory  remuiiorations.  So  far  from 
this,  It  IS  desired,  that  each  lu-ad  of  a  family  receive 
a  lot  ot  land.  That  the  Chinnook  tribe  be  located 
on  the  back  lots,  in  the  sea  port  town,  where  thev 
can  be  mstructed,  and  encouraged  in  cultivating 
garden  grounds,  and  where  schools  can  be  opened 
lor  their  children  6cc. 

Route. 

The  emigrants  will  be  embodied  at  St  Louis,  and 
under  conducto-  s  be»t  acquainted  with  the  country. 
J  hey  will  lay  their  route,  westerly,  to  the  Great 
rJatte,  up  that  river  to  its  source;  making  the 
transit  ot  the  Mountains  through  a  low  depression, 
probably  to  the  waters  of  the  Multnomah,  and 
down  that  river  to  the  place  of  destination. 

Under  this  head,  it  is  only  necessary  to  add  a  few 
remarks  from  the  testimonials  of  Messrs  Smith 
Jackson  and  Sublette,  and  Mr  Filcher,  given  to 
Congress,  last  winter.  These  first  gentlemen  ob- 
serve that  '-on  the  10th  of  April  1830,  a  caravan 
ot  ten  wagons,  drawn  by  five  mules  each,  and  two 
dearborns,  drawn  by  one  mule  each,  set  out  from 
St  Louis.  We  have  eighty  one  men  in  company, 
all  mounted  on  mules.  Our  route  was  nearly  due 
west  to  the  western  limits  of  the  state;  and  thence 
along  the  Santa  Fee  trail  about  forty  miles;  from 
which  the  course  was  some  degress  north  of  west, 
across  tlie  waters  of  the  Kanzas,  and  up  the  Great 
Platte,  to  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  to  the  head  of 
Wind  river,  where  it  issues  from  the  mountains. 
Here  the  wagons  could  have  easily  crossed  the 
mountains,  it  being  what  is  called  the  Southern 
Pass,  had  it  been  desirable.  For  our  support,  at 
leaving  the  Miss..ari  settlements,  until  we  should 
get  into  the  buffalo  country,  -  '^-ove  twelve  head 
of  cattle,  besides  a  milch  a  ^  ght  of  these  on- 

ly, being  required  for  use  beir.      .*^e  got  to  the  buf- 


« 


h 


i 


it2 

faloes,  the  other<«  went  on  the  Pl.itte,  about  three 
hundred  and  lifty  iniios  from  tho  white  settlements, 
and  from  ih.jt  tinie  Hved  on  bulVahjes,  tlie  quantity 
bein^'  iniinitely  beyond  Av'aat  we  needed." 

Mr  rikher  remarks  that  the  most  erroneous 
ideas  prevail  on  the  practicabihty  of  crossing  the 
Rocky  Mountains.  "I  liave  been,"  says  he,  "fa- 
miliar with  these  mountains,  for  three  years,  and 
have  crossed  them  often,  and  at  various  points  be- 
tween the  latitude  12  and  5  k  I  havt',  therefore, 
the  means  to  know  souiething  about  them,  and  a 
right  to  oppose  my  knowledge  to  the  suppositions 
of  strangers.  I  say,  then,  that  nothing  is  more 
easily  passed  than  these  mountains.  Wagons  u\A 
carriages  may  cross  them  in  a  state  of  nature  with- 
out diHicnlty,  and  with  little  delay  in  the  day's  Jour- 
ney. Some  parts  are  very  high;  but  the  gradual 
rise  of  the  country  in  the  vast  slope  irom  the  Mis- 
sissippi to  the  foot  of  the  mountains,  makes  a  con- 
siderable elevation  without  perceptible  incvease,  and 
then  the  gaps  or  depressions  let  you  through  almost 
upon  a  level.  This  is  particularly  the  case  opposite 
the  head  of  the  Platte,  where  I  crossed  in  1S27. — 
I  have  crossed  here  often,  and  always  without  de- 
lay or  difficulty." 

Having  reached  the  navigable  waters  of  the  Co- 
lumbia, boats  will  be  constructed  to  complete  the 
emigration, 

EXTEDITION. 

Induced  to  believe  that  the  Government  of  the 
United  States,  in  prospect  of  thn  national  benefits 
-which  must,  inevitably  accrue  iwm  Uv.'.  settlement, 
will  sustain  a  part  or  the  whr.le  of  tin.  expense  of 
the  enterprise,  the  Society  have  deferred  the  de- 
parture of  the  expedition  till  the  last  of  March 
next;  and  they  await  Avith  no  ordinary  solicitude, 
such  measures  as  the  wisdom  of  Congress  may 
afiopt  on  their  Memorial.  The  emigrants,  resolv- 
ing to  remain  citizens,  and  to  engage  in  no  unlawful 


pursuits  in  Oregon —;;i\iii^' ifri^af  value  (o  i's  fiTlili! 
tracis,  and  olheruiso  proniof  infj  (ho  intercs  oftlio 
Uepublic,  liHVO  a  viglitful  tl.iiui  on  iicr  lor  rotoc- 
tion;  but  it  ■will  not  concern  the  settier»^,  Avhenco 
comes  protection,  or  the  r  leans  of  accomplifsliinc;  the 
ol/jects  ot'tiie  enterprise,  whether  from  Con^resH  or 
private  mnnificence. 

Kmigranls  are  recpiired  lo  defray  (heir  own  ex- 
penses to  St.  Louis;  and  after  thai,  to  ])rovi(h' 
with  all  necessary  arms,  knapsacks,  blankets,  and 
private  carriages.  Females  and  cliildreii  must  be 
])rovi(led,  at  the  time  of  starting,  with  covered 
horse  wagons,  containing  each  a  bed  and  two  or 
more  blankets.  From  St,  Louis  they  will  be  siil)- 
ject  to  no  other  expense  than  the  above  named,  and 
in  Oregon,  will  receive  gratuitously,  a  landed  es- 
tate of  great  value. 

Orders  will  l)e  given  in  due  time  ii>r  assend)ling 
in  Portland,  l^Fe;  Portsmoutli,  and  Concord,  N.  IL5 
Boston,  Worcester,  and  Springfield,  Mass.;  Ben- 
nington,Vt.;  Albany,  Bull'alo,  Detroit  and  N.  York, 
N.  Y.;  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  Baltimore,  Md.;  Wash- 
ington City,  ^c.  All  persons  are  rcfj'iested  to 
continue  their  accustomed  business  till  said  orders. 
At  these,  and  other  places,  com|)auics  will  be  form- 
ed; Captains  being  appointed  to  the  command  of 
every  fifty  male  adult  persons,  the  emigration  will 
then  commence,  by  the  most  practicable  routes  to 
the  aforesaid  place  of  general  rendezvous.  It  is 
left  optional  with  the  emigrants  to  choose  their  own 
way  of  going  to  this  place.  The  cost,  from  Boston, 
to  an  individual  grown  person,  who  joins  a  company 
vvdl,  probably,  not  exceed  fifteen  dollars. 

No  person  has  yet  been  selected  to  fill  any  office, 
in  the  civil  department;  nor  will  any,  till  after  the 
general  orders  tor  assembling,  when  elections  will 
be  made,  entirely  on  the  ground  of  personal  merit. 
No  person  will  be  deemed  eligible  to  an  office  in  the 
government;  or  in  the  military,  to  a  captaincy  or  a 


li 


« 


I 


2i 


liighei*  rank,  wlio  has  not  received  a  good  common 
edncation,  is  not  proprietor  of  one  or  more  shares 
in  the  slock,  and  does  not  give  oath  or  affirmation 
to  support  the  Constitution  of  the  U.  S.  and  the 
constituted  government  of  the  Oregon  settlement. 
Suitahle  and  pious  chaplains  will  accompany  the 
expedition. 

The  government  of  the  expedition,  from  St  Louis, 
will  be  military,  deprived  however,  of  much  of  its 
asperity  and  arbitrary  discipline,  by  the  i  ,ild  reform, 
which  virtue,  refinement  and  female  presence  con- 
spire to  produce. 

At  this  place  the  business  of  orga.uKation  will  be 
completed.  The  covenants,  referred  to  in  the  cer- 
tificate will  be  executed.  Baggage  wagons  loaded 
with  provisions,  and  tents  including  fly  tents,  each 
of  which  will  be  sufficiently  large  to  spread  over  six 
small  wagons,  and  camp  furniture  will  be  provided. 
A  drove  of  cattle  will  be  purchased  and  taken  along, 
for  occasional  supply. 

No  private  property,  other  than  wearing  apparel, 
military  equipments,  and  provisions  can  be  admit- 
ted into  the  public  baggage  wagons.  Merchandize, 
machinery,  property  and  effects  of  any  kind  can  be 
transported  on  a  reasonable  freight,  in  vessels, 
which  will  be  provided  for  this  purpose.  Notice 
will  be  given  when  and  where  store  houses  will  be 
opened  for  the  reception  of  the  above  articles. 

Funds. 

Two  hundred  thousand  dollars  stock,  and  certifi- 
cate money  (see  p.  18)  and  all  such  donations,  con- 
tributions and  subscriptions,  as  benevolent  and 
public  spirited  individuals  may  make,  will  consti- 
tute the  funds  of  the  Society.  The  following  is  an 
extract  of  a  report  made  by  a  committee,  charged 
with  the  subject  of  devising  and  reporting  the  most 
effectual  means  of  carrying  into  operation  the  great 
purposes  of  the  Society: 

"They  have  attentively  investigated  the  objects 


25 


of  the  eiiterprize;  and  among  the  first  results  of 
their  enquiry  is  a  clear  conviction,  that  the  time  is 
near  at  hand,  and  advancing  in  the  ordinary  course 
of  Providence,  when  the  Oregon  Country  shall  be 
occupied  by  an  enlightened  people,  skilled  in  the 
various  improvements  of  science  and  art.  A  peo- 
ple, thus  enlightened  and  skilled,  and  enjoying  the 
advantages  of  a  climate,  soil  and  markets,  as  good 
in  their  kind,  as  the  earth  affords;  and  other  natural 
means,  which  mostly  contribute  to  the  comfort  and 
conveniences  of  life — energized  and  blessed  by  the 
mild  and  vital  principles  of  the  American  Repub- 
lic, and  the  sacred  ordinances  of  the  Christian  Re- 
ligion, must  be  prosperous  and  happy» 

A  settlement,  car'"^'ing  on  a  trade  and  commerce 
commensurate  with  the  wants  of  that  population 


composm;^ 


the  nations  on  the  islands,   and  on  the 


borders  of  the  great  Western  Ocean;  and  maintain- 
ing a  friendly  intercourse  with  them,  must  advance 
in  a  degree  of  prosperity,  unexampled  in  the  histo- 
ry of  nations.  From  the  plenitude  of  its  oton  re^ 
sources,  it  will  soon  be  enabled  to  sustain  its  otvn 
operations,  and  will  hasten  on  in  its  own  majesty, 
to  a  proud  rank  on  the  earth.  Then  will  it  richly 
reward  the  kindness,  that  helped  it  into  existence. 
With  these  views,  your  Committee  Avould  suggest 
the  following  plan  of  stock,  and  means  of  opera- 
tions— viz; 

Let  a  portion  of  the  funds  of  the  society  consti- 
tute a  capital  stock  of  Tivo  Hundred  Thousand 
Dollars,  to  be  divided  into  shares  of  $100  each, 
and  to  be  raised  by  loans.  Each  share  entitling  the 
proprietor  thereof,  to  160  acres  of  land,  as  set  forth 
in  the  certificate  of  stock, — the  lots  are  to  be  num- 
bered and  determined  according  to  the  rules  and 
plan  of  division  expressed  in  the  By-Laws  of  the 
Society.  This  stock  shall  be  secured  on  the  pledge 
of  all  the  public  and  coinmon  property  and  reven- 
ues of  the  settlement — the  emigrants  covenanting 

4 


TG 


■svith  the  Society  before  embarkation,  that  all  debts 
incurred  directly  or  indirectly,  for  the  benefit  of  the 
settlement,  to  the  full  amount  of  said  stock,  shall 
be  paid  in  the  manner  aforesaid. 

Your  Committee  would  also  suggest  the  propri- 
ety of  raising  funds  by  donations  and  subscriptions, 
to  meet  specific  purposes  in  the  Oregon  Country. 
Let  one  be  called  the  Education  or  Indian  Fundi 
and  another  called  the  Religious  Fund. 

[Form  of  caption  to  the  above  Funds.] 

THE    RELIGIOUS    FUND. 

Voted — By  the  American  Society  for  encourag- 
ing the  settlement  of  the  Oregon  Territory,  that  all 
monies  or  property  given  to  the  Religious  Fund, 
shall  be  held  in  trust  by  the  Society,  and  for  such 
specific  objects,  as  shall  meet  the  views  or  inten- 
tions of  the  donors  or  subscribers — to  be  delivered 
to  any  person  or  persons,  whom  a  majority  of  the 
emigrants  of  their  religious  order  may  select. 

THE     EDUCATION     AND    INDIAN     FUND. 

Voted — By  the  American  Society  for  encourag- 
ing the  settlement  of  the  Oregon  Territory,  to  so- 
licit from  munificent  individuals  of  the  public,  funds 
for  the  purposes  of  building  school  houses,  and  ed- 
ucating Indian  children,  in  the  Oregon  Settlement.' 

It  is  believed  that  little  or  no  stock  in  the  Amer- 
ican market,  is  based  on  better  security  5  and  none, 
that  oifers  to  capitalists  an  opportunity  for  more 
profitable  investments.  Its  par  value  cannot  be 
depreciated  by  the  contingency  of  ill  success  of  the 
enterprise;  for,  in  that  possible  event,  every  dollar 
of  the  stock  will  bo  refunded,  the  same  being  on 
hand  either  in  money,  or  in  public  property.  There 
are,  at  present,  no   salaries  paid  toits  ollicers  by 


21 

the  Society,  and  but  few  expenses  occurring  t  con- 
sume any  part  of  its  funds;  nor  will  they  occur  in 
any  considerable  amount  till  the  commencement  of 
the  expedition^  which  will  remove  the  possibility  of 
a  failure.  It  will  be  noticed,  that  each  emigrant, 
at  the  time  of  or  before  leaving  St  Louis  will,  per- 
sonally, enter  into  a  special  covenant  with  the  So- 
ciety, making  liable  for  the  payment  of  this  stock 
all  common  property  and  revenues  of  the  settle- 
ment; and  it  will  be  further  noticed  that  the  pro- 
prietor of  each  share  may  take,  in  lieu  of  the  mon- 
ey covering  the  principal  and  interest  of  the  share, 
160  acres  of  land,  valued  from  500  to  5000  dollars 
per  lot— subject  to  no  taxes  till  the  cxpir  aion  of 
live  years— land  which  may  be  owned  bv  any  citi- 
zen of  the  United  States,  resident  in  any  country, 
and  may  be  sold  or  occupied  by  his  children  at  a  fu- 
ture period,  when  possibly,  the  same  shall  be  situ- 
ated in  the  midst  of  a  dense  population.  It  is  de- 
sirable that  emigrants,  as  far  as  they  have  the 
means,  should  be  the  owners  of  stock. 


To  Editors  of  •/M'etvspapers, 


As  the  enterprise  set  forth  in  this  pamphlet  tends,  in  a  great  de- 
gree, to  promote  individual  happiness  and  the  common  interests 
and  prosperity  of  our  country,  it  is  believed,  that  every  patriotic 
Editor  of  a  public  Journal,  will  cooperate  with  the  Society  by 
giving  publicity  to  these  pages.  It  is  requested,  as  a  favor,  that 
they  should  either  publish  the  pamphlet  in  articles,  if  they  please, 
or  refer  the  public  to  the  places,  where  it  may  be  obtained. 

The  Manual  is  sold  to  meet  the  expence  of  printing  it;  and 
any  person,  who  receiving  it,  and  having  the  means  to  contribute  to 
the  great  and  benevolent  enterprise,  transmits  to  the  Treasurer  or 
General  Agent  of  the  Society  one  or  more  dollars,  or  any  article 
of  useful  property,  will  have  his  name  recorded  in  the  catalogue 
of  patrons,  and  his  memory  embalmed  in  the  grateful  remem- 
brance of  posterity. 

QJ^AIl  communications  made  through  the  post  office  must 
bo  post  paid, 


K 


:l        ! 


n 


AGENTS. 

TiifS  Maniihl  may  b&  had  at  the  following  places. 

HORATIO  HILL,  &  Co.  Concord,  N.  11. 

R.  P.  &  C.    WILLI  A  ^IS,  No  19  &  20  Cornhill,  Boston, 

WM.  W.  WIIEILDON,  Aurora  Office,  Cliailestovvn,  Mass. 

DORR  &.  IIOWLAND,  Worcester,  Mass. 

SAMUEL  BILLINGS,  Lowell,  do. 

CALLENDER  «fc  KIRKMAM,  Springfield,  do. 

R.  ELWELL,  No  80  Wall  Street,  New  York  City. 

D.  SIM  ITU,  Detroit,  N.  Y. 

GARY  &  HART,  Chesnut  Street,  Philadelphia,  Penn. 

J.  JEWETT,  No  229  Market  Street,  Baltimore,  31d. 

J.  RIORDAN,  Washington  City,  D.  C. 

Price  12  1-2  cents  each;  $1  for  10  copies.  Orders  through 
the  mail,  if  postage  is  paid,  will  he  promptly  answered. 

At  either  of  the  above  piaces,  a  geographical  description  of  the 
Oregon  Territory  may  be  had  in  a  pamphlet  of  80  pages,  price 
33  cents. 


SCALE. 

400  rods  to  1  inch. 

LOTS  OF  LAND. 

40  Acres,  40  by  160  rods. 
160  Acres,  80  by  320  rods 


'    J 


■-t— *V>  ?  '^Mfa 


MAWUALi 


OF     THE 


y 


OBEaOXr  BZPBDITION. 


PRICE  12  1-2   CENTS. 


53 


^•#"(^/^.!.t!jfc 


ft 


« 


i! 


AGENTS 

Of  lohom  Certificates  may  be  obtained. 

S.  COLEMAN,  Portland,  Me. 

J.  SHAW,  P.  M.  Northport,  Me. 

G.  C.   WORTH,  Burlington,  Vt. 

J.   McNAB,  M.  D.  Baruet,  Vt. 

H.  BREWSTER,  Ed.  State  Herald,  Portsmouth,  N.  H. 

J.   NYE,  P.  M.  Claremont,  do. 

J.  W.  RAND,  New  Hampton,  do. 

H.  J.  KELLEY,  Gen.  Agent,  Boston,  Mass. 

W    W.  WHEILDON,  Ed.  Bunker  Hill  Aurora,  Charlestown.  do. 

WM.  YOUNG,  Taunton,  do. 

N.   WYETH,  Cambridge,  do. 

CALI.ENDER   and  KIRKH  AM,  Springfield,  do. 

DORR  and  HOWLAND,   Worcester,  do. 

Providence,  R.  I. 
LEWIS  G.  CLARK,  Ed.  Conn.  Mirror,  Hartford,  Conn. 
Rev   E    CUSHHMAN,  New  Haven,  do. 
Rev   B    T.   WELCH.  Albany,  N.  Y. 
A.  McCALL,  Lansingbiirgli,  do. 
A.   PALMER.  Ed.  Schenectady  Whig,  do. 
E    W.  COLLINS,  Rochester,  do. 
J.   WHITE.  P    M.  Hurditt,  do. 

A.  WARREN,  Lyons,  do. 

R.  EL  WELL,  No  80,  Wall  street,  New  York  City, 
W.  C.  JONES,  Columbus,  Oi)io 
N.  G    M.   SENTER,  Drtylon,  do. 

B.  WILLIS,  Hillsboro,  Illinois. 
L.  DUNLAP,  Indianapolis.  la. 

C.  D.   SMITH,  Detroit,  Michigan  Territory. 
D    R    BURBANK,  Henderson,  Ky. 

T.  J.  BRADFORD,  Ed   Ky.  Gazette,  do. 

GEO.   ROHTLE,  Newark,  N    J. 

Rev  J    R.   DODGE.  No.  80,  Vme  street.  Philadelphia  City. 

J.  JEWETT,  No  229,  Market  street,  Baltimore  City. 

J    RIORDAN,  Washinton  City,  D.  C. 

C.  C.   DUNN,  M    D    Abington.Va. 

R.   B.  SENEECUM,  Somerville,  Tenn. 

ASA  HARTFIELD,  Augusta,  Miss. 

J.  M.  BRADFORD,  St.  Francisville,  La. 


ed. 


n,  do. 


